Publications
Below is a list of our publications since our Lab was established in 2021. Each publication reflects the dedication and collective efforts of our team members and collaborators. If our research sparks your interest or you would like to explore potential collaboration opportunities, please feel free to reach out.
Featured Publication
Li, M.K., Gan, V.J.L.,* • Automation in Construction (10.2026)
Iterative self-learning with BIM-based sensor perception for manual-annotation-free cross-domain segmentation of MEP point clouds
A sensor perception model is developed to generate BIM-based synthetic point clouds that reflect real scan sampling density, occlusion etc. Iterative self-learning is introduced to support point cloud segmentation to save time and effort in point cloud annotation.
Li, M.K., Gan, V.J.L.,* Li, K.X., • Automation in Construction (8.2026)
Vision foundation model with connectivity-based inferencing for zero-shot bridge element segmentation and geometric reconstruction
This paper presents BridgeSAM, a vision foundation model that integrates the Segment Anything Model (SAM) with connectivity-based instance segmentation for bridge point cloud processing. BridgeSAM improves bridge element segmentation for bridge 3D modeling.
Deng, Y.Y., Gan, V.J.L.,* • Advanced Engineering Informatics (4.2026)
Motion-prior and Confidence-aware Gaussian Splatting (MCGS) SLAM for 3D scene reconstruction of indoor built environments
This paper proposes a motion-prior and confidence-aware Gaussian Splatting (MCGS) SLAM, which harnesses a probabilistic motion-prior framework, confidence estimation mechanism, and adaptive keyframe selection to guide photorealistic 3D scene reconstruction.
Zheng, Q., Gan, V.J.L.,* Li, M.K., • Automation in Construction (1.2026)
Semantic instance segmentation and automated 3D BIM reconstruction for viaduct using LiDAR point clouds and weakly-supervised learning
This paper presents AI-based semantic instance segmentation approach that leverages weakly-supervised learning for high-precision segmentation and BIM reconstruction of transport infrastructure, focusing on viaducts.
Li, M.K., Gan, V.J.L.,* Wang, B.Y., • Automation in Construction (11.2025)
Integrating hierarchical segmentation and vision-language reasoning for spatially complex and occluded MEP point clouds
This paper proposes a hierarchical and progressive segmentation that integrates deep learning-based semantic segmentation, geometry-driven instance segmentation, and vision-language model-assisted refinement for 3D BIM reconstruction of MEP systems.
Hu, D.F., Gan, V.J.L.,* • Automation in Construction (3.2025)
Semantic navigation for automated robotic inspection and indoor environment quality monitoring
This paper proposes a semantic navigation approach to improve robotic inspection. A revised RandLA-Net and KNN algorithm construct a semantic map rich in detailed object information. An object instance reasoning algorithm identifies target object coordinates from the semantic map. Semantics-aware A* algorithm calculates safer, efficient navigation paths.
Gan, V.J.L., Hu, D.F.,* etc. • Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering (3.2025)
Automated indoor 3D scene reconstruction with decoupled mapping using quadruped robot and LiDAR sensor
This study introduces optimization algorithms for viewpoint generation, occlusion detection and culling, and robot-moving trajectory identification. The research investigates 3D reconstruction, comparing coupled and decoupled approaches to identify practical configuration for robotic scanning.
Gan, V.J.L., Li, K.X.,* etc. • Applied Energy (1.2025)
3D reconstruction of BIM with weakly-supervised learning for carbon emission modelling in the built environment
This paper presents weakly-supervised learning for automated BIM reconstruction, aiming at accurate carbon performance evaluation. By employing weakly-supervised semantic segmentation, this approach segments structural components from 3D point clouds and formulates the topological relationships for BIM reconstruction to assess embodied carbon.
Zhai, R., Zou, J., Gan, V.J.L.,* etc. • Automation in Construction (10.2024)
Semantic enrichment of BIM with IndoorGML for quadruped robot navigation and automated 3D scanning
In this paper, BIM data schema is enriched with IndoorGML, integrating building geometry with spatial data to establish an indoor navigation model describing multi-scale spatial topological networks. This navigation model optimizes robot scanning positions and traversal sequences.
Wang, T., Gan, V.J.L.,* • Automation in Construction (10.2024)
Enhancing 3D reconstruction of textureless indoor scenes with IndoReal multi-view stereo
This paper presents the “IndoReal-MVS” dataset, a rich indoor-centric compilation reflecting real-world phenomena through advanced computer graphics. It introduces unsupervised “IndoorMatchNet”, synergising Feature Pyramid Network (FPN) and Pyramid Flowformer (PFF) for encoding complex indoor geometries.
Hu, D., Gan, V.J.L.,* etc. • Building and Environment (8.2022)
Multi-agent robotic system (MARS) for UAV-UGV path planning and automatic sensory data collection in cluttered environments
This paper presents a multi-agent robotic system for automatic UAV-UGV path planning and indoor navigation to automate sensory data collection. An enhanced shunting short-term memory model is proposed to optimise the pathfinding, 2D image and 3D point cloud data collection.
Gan, V.J.L.,* • Automation in Construction (2.2022)
BIM-based graph data model for automatic generative design of modular buildings
This paper presents a Building Information Modelling (BIM)-based graph data model for the theoretic representation of spatial attributes, topological relationships, geometries, and semantics for generative design of modular buildings.
Full List of Publications
[1] Gan, V.J.L.,* (2023) Deep learning-based framework for reconstruction and optimisation of building information models containing parametric rules. In: Bekdaş, G., Nigdeli, S.M., (eds) Hybrid Metaheuristics in Structural Engineering. Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, Vol. 480. Springer Nature.
[2] Li, K.X., Gan, V.J.L.,* Li, M., (2026) MobileSeg2BIM: Semantic segmentation and quality assessment of mobile scan point clouds for graph-based BIM reconstruction. Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering. Accepted.
[3] Li, M.K., Gan, V.J.L.,* Li, K.X., Li, X.Q., Goh, K.C.K., Lim, P.L., Yeo, A.C.L., (2026) From semantic LiDAR point clouds to as-built BIM: An AI framework for 3D reconstruction of transport infrastructure. Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering. Accepted.
[4] Bi, J., Yang, Q., Yan, K.,* Gan, V.J.L.,* Gao, Y.,* Zhang, J., (2026) Diffusion-based self-supervised fault diagnosis for HVAC systems under extremely limited samples. IEEE Internet of Things Journal. 11718797.
[5] Li, M., Gan, V.J.L.,* (2026) Iterative self-learning with BIM-based sensor perception for manual-annotation-free cross-domain segmentation of MEP point clouds. Automation in Construction. 107143.
[6] Deng, Y, Deng, Z, Zhang, H, Deng, H, Gan, V.J.L., (2026) YOLO-SafeAttr: Improving the ability to identify unsafe conditions of objects in construction scenes by using visual attribute representation. Smart Constr. 3(3), 0017.
[7] Li, M., Gan, V.J.L.,* Li, K.X., (2026) Vision foundation model with connectivity-based inferencing for zero-shot bridge element segmentation and geometric reconstruction. Automation in Construction. 106995.
[8] Li, K.X., Gan, V.J.L.,* Li, M., Li, X., (2026) DR-GANet: Dynamic residual graph attention network for heterogeneous point cloud segmentation and BIM geometric completion of structural and M&E components. Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering. 100146.
[9] Xiong, R., Li, S.,* Gan, V.J.L., Sun, A., Du, S., Wu, Y., (2026) A comprehensive edge-aware UAV-LiDAR rock point cloud segmentation approach for automated rock dump monitoring. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. 3710835.
[10] Gan, V.J.L.,* Hu, D.,* Kannivadi Ramkanth, J.C.,* Li, S., Rambabu, R., (2026) Robot trajectory optimization and online semantic 3D perception for mobile LiDAR scanning in GPS-degraded built environments. Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering. 100137.
[11] Deng, Y.Y., Gan, V.J.L.,* (2026) Motion-prior and Confidence-aware Gaussian Splatting (MCGS) SLAM for 3D scene reconstruction of indoor built environments. Advanced Engineering Informatics. 104317.
[12] Qiao, Z., Gan, V.J.L.,* Li, M., Goh, K.C.K., Lim, P.L., Yeo, A.C.L., (2026) Semantic instance segmentation and automated 3D BIM reconstruction for viaduct using LiDAR point clouds and weakly-supervised learning. Automation in Construction. 106612.
[13] Guo, Q., Su, S., Gan, V.J.L., Liu, C., Feng, J., Ding, W., (2026) Daily construction carbon emissions and costs assessment from an interaction perspective: Integration of BIM and agent-based modelling. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. 108109.
[14] Li, M., Gan, V.J.L.,* Wang, B.Y., (2025) Integrating hierarchical segmentation and vision-language reasoning for spatially complex and occluded MEP point clouds. Automation in Construction. 106455.
[15] Li, X., Gan, V.J.L.,* Li, K.X., Li, M., (2025) High-precision 3D BIM reconstruction for mechanical, electrical and plumbing components using terrestrial laser scanning and LiDAR point clouds. Journal of Building Engineering. 113661.
[16] Gan, V.J.L., Hu, D.,* Wang, Y., Zhai, R., (2025) Automated indoor 3D scene reconstruction with decoupled mapping using quadruped robot and LiDAR sensor. Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering. 13450.
[17] Sun, K., Shao, Z., Goh, Y.M.,* Tian, J., Gan, V.J.L., (2025) Change detection network for construction housekeeping using feature fusion and large vision models. Automation in Construction. 106038.
[18] Hu, D., Gan, V.J.L.,* (2025) Semantic navigation for automated robotic inspection and indoor environment quality monitoring. Automation in Construction. 105949.
[19] Gan, V.J.L., Li, K.X.,* Li, M., Halfian L.B.E., (2025) 3D reconstruction of building information models with weakly-supervised learning for carbon emission modelling in the built environment. Applied Energy. 124695.
[20] Zhai, R., Zou, J., Gan, V.J.L.,* Han, X., Wang, Y., Zhao, Y. (2024) Semantic enrichment of BIM with IndoorGML for quadruped robot navigation and automated 3D scanning. Automation in Construction. 105605.
[21] Chen, X.Y., Pan, Y., Gan, V.J.L.,* Yan, K., (2024) 3D reconstruction of semantic-rich digital twins for ACMV monitoring and anomaly detection via scan-to-BIM and time-series data integration. Developments in the Built Environment. 100503.
[22] Wang, T., Gan, V.J.L.,* (2024) Enhancing 3D reconstruction of textureless indoor scenes with IndoReal multi-view stereo (MVS). Automation in Construction. 105600.
[23] Hu, D., Gan, V.J.L.,* Zhai, R., (2024) Automated BIM-to-scan point cloud semantic segmentation using a domain adaptation network with hybrid attention and whitening (DawNet). Automation in Construction. 105473.
[24] Liu, H., Gan, V.J.L.,* Cheng, J.C.P., Zhou, A.S., (2024) Automatic fine-grained BIM element classification using multi-modal deep learning. Advanced Engineering Informatics. 102458.
[25] Xiang, C., Gan, V.J.L., Deng, L., Guo, J., Xu, S., (2024) Unified weakly and semi-supervised crack segmentation framework using limited coarse labels. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence. 108497.
[26] Wang, T., Gan, V.J.L.,* (2024) Multi-view stereo for weakly-textured indoor 3D reconstruction. Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering. 13149. (Wiley Top Viewed Paper)
[27] Li, K.X., Gan, V.J.L.,* Li, M.K., Gao, M.Y., Tiong, R.L.K., Yang, Y., (2024) Automated generative design and prefabrication of precast buildings using integrated BIM and graph convolutional neural network. Development in the Built Environment. 100418.
[28] Chen, H., Yang, J., Chen, X., Zhang, D., Gan, V.J.L., (2024) Tempnet: a graph convolutional network for temperature field prediction of fire-damaged concrete. Expert Systems with Applications. 121997.
[29] Guang, M., Goh, Y.M., Jing, T., Gan, V.J.L., (2023) Automated classification of “cluttered” construction housekeeping images through supervised and self-supervised feature representation learning. Automation in Construction. 105095.
[30] Lao, W., Li, M., Wong, C.L., Gan, V.J.L.,* Cheng, J.C.P., (2023) BIM-based constructability-aware precast building optimisation using optimality criteria and combined non-dominated sorting genetic II and great deluge algorithm (NSGA-II-GD). Automation in Construction. 105065.
[31] Wong, C.L., Wu, Z., Gan, V.J.L.,* Chan, C.M., Cheng, J.C.P., (2023) Parametric BIM and optimality criteria methods for automated multi-objective optimisation of structural and energy efficiency. Journal of Building Engineering. 107068.
[32] Xiang, C., Gan, V.J.L., Guo, J., Deng, L., (2023) Semi-supervised learning framework for crack segmentation based on contrastive learning and cross pseudo supervision. Measurement. 113091.
[33] Hu, D., Gan, V.J.L.,* Yin, C., (2023) Robot-assisted mobile scanning for automated 3D reconstruction and point cloud semantic segmentation of building interiors. Automation in Construction. 104949.
[34] Cheng, J.C.P., Liu, H., Gan, V.J.L., Das, M., Tao, X., Zhou, S., (2023) Construction cost management using blockchain and encryption. Automation in Construction. 104841.
[35] Jiang, F., Ma, J.,* Webster, C.J., Li, X., Gan, V.J.L., (2023) Building layout generation using site-embedded GAN model. Automation in Construction. 104888.
[36] Zhuang, D., Gan, V.J.L.,* Tekler, Z., Chong, A., Tian, S., Shi, Xing., (2023) Data-driven predictive control for smart HVAC system in IoT-integrated buildings with time-series forecasting and reinforcement learning. Applied Energy. 120936. (Highly-cited Paper)
[37] Wang, T., Gan, V.J.L.,* (2023) Automated joint 3D reconstruction and visual inspection for buildings using computer vision and transfer learning. Automation in Construction. 104810.
[38] Yin, C., Yang, B., Cheng, J.C.P., Gan, V.J.L.,* Wang, B., Yang, J., (2023) Label-efficient semantic segmentation of large-scale industrial point clouds using weakly supervised learning. Automation in Construction. 104757.
[39] Li, M., Liu, Y.H., Wong, C.L., Gan, V.J.L.,* Cheng, J.C.P., (2023) Automated structural design optimization of steel reinforcement using graph neural network and exploratory genetic algorithms. Automation in Construction. 104677.
[40] Wang, T., Gan, V.J.L.,* Hu, D., Liu, H., (2022) Digital twin-enabled built environment sensing and monitoring through semantic enrichment of BIM with SensorML. Automation in Construction. 104625.
[41] Liu, H., Cheng, J.C.P., Gan, V.J.L.,* Zhou, S.J., (2022) A novel data-driven framework based on BIM and knowledge graph for automatic model auditing and QTO. Advanced Engineering Informatics. 101757.
[42] Gan, V.J.L.,* (2022) BIM-based building geometric modelling and automatic generative design for offsite construction. ASCE Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 148, 04022111.
[43] Chew, M.Y.L., Gan, V.J.L.,* (2022) Long-standing themes and future prospects for the inspection and maintenance of façade falling objects from tall buildings. Sensors. 22, 6070.
[44] Hu, D., Gan, V.J.L.,* Wang, T., Ma, Ling., (2022) Multi-agent robotic system (MARS) for UAV-UGV path planning and automatic sensory data collection in cluttered environments. Building and Environment. 109349.
[45] Yin, C., Cheng, J.C.P., Wang, B., Gan, V.J.L.,* (2022) Automated classification of piping components from 3D LiDAR point clouds using SE-PseudoGrid. Automation in Construction. 104300.
[46] Zhuang, D., Wang, T., Gan, V.J.L., Zhao, X., Yang, Y., Shi, X.,* (2022) Supervised learning-based assessment of office layout satisfaction in academic buildings. Building and Environment. 109032.
[47] Gan, V.J.L.,* (2022) BIM-based graph data model for automatic generative design of modular buildings. Automation in Construction. 104062.
[48] Liu, H., Cheng, J.C.P., Gan, V.J.L.,* Zhou, S.J., (2021) A knowledge model-based BIM framework for automatic code-compliant QTO. Automation in Construction. 104024.
[49] Gan, V.J.L., Wang, B., Chan, C.M., Asiri, W.U.,* Cheng, J.C.P., (2021) Physics-based, data-driven approach for predicting natural ventilation of high-rise residential buildings. Building Simulation. 2021, 1-20.
[50] Li, M., Wong, C.L., Liu, Y.H., Chan, C.M., Gan, V.J.L.,* Cheng, J.C.P., (2021) DfMA-oriented design optimization for steel reinforcement using BIM and hybrid metaheuristic algorithms. Journal of Building Engineering. 103310.
[51] He, R., Yang, Z., Gan, V.J.L.,* Chen, H., Cao, D., (2021) Mechanism of nano-silica to enhance the robustness and durability of concrete in low air pressure for sustainable civil infrastructures. J. Clean. Prod. 128783.
[52] Yin, C., Wang, B., Gan, V.J.L., Wang, M.Z., Cheng, J.C.P.,* (2021) Automated semantic segmentation of industrial point clouds using ResPointNet++. Automation in Construction. 103874.
[53] Gan, V.J.L., Luo, H., Tan, Y., Deng, M., Kwok H.L., (2021) BIM and data-driven predictive analysis of optimum thermal comfort for indoor environment. Sensors. 21, 4401.
[54] Mangal, M., Li, M., Gan, V.J.L.,* Cheng, J.C.P., (2021) Automated clash-free optimisation of steel reinforcement in RC frame structures using building information modelling and two-stage genetic algorithm. Automation in Construction. 103676.
[55] Liu, Y.H., Li, M.K., Wong, C.L., Chan, C.M., Cheng, J.C.P., Gan, V.J.L.,* (2021) BIM-BVBS integration with openBIM standards for automatic prefabrication of steel reinforcement. Automation in Construction. 103654.
[56] He, R., Li, M., Gan, V.J.L.,* Ma. J., (2021) Building information modelling (BIM) enabled computerized design and digital fabrication of industrialized buildings: A case study. J. Clean. Prod. 123505.
[57] Yang, Z., He, R., Gan, V.J.L.,* Chen, H., Xue, C., (2020) Effect of nano-SiO2 hydrosol on size distribution, coalescence and collapse of entrained air bubbles in fresh cement mortar. Construction and Building Materials. 264, 120277.
[58] He, R., Zheng, S., Gan, V.J.L.,* Wang, Z., Fang, J., (2020) Damage mechanism and interfacial transition zone characteristics of concrete under sulfate erosion and dry-wet cycles. Construction and Building Materials. 255, 119340.
[59] Ma., J., Ding, X., Cheng, J.C.P., Jiang, F., Gan, V.J.L., Xu, Z.,* (2020) A lag-FLSTM deep learning network based on Bayesian optimization for multi-sequential-variant PM2.5 prediction. Sustainable Cities and Society. 60, 102237.
[60] Afzal, M., Liu, Y., Cheng, J.C.P., Gan, V.J.L.,* (2020) Reinforced concrete structural design optimization: A critical review. J. Clean. Prod. 260, 120623.
[61] Gan, V.J.L., Lo, I.M.C., Tse, K.T., Cheng, J.C.P., Chan, C.M.,* (2020) Simulation optimisation towards energy efficient green buildings: Current status and future trends. J. Clean. Prod. 254, 120012.
[62] Ma., J., Cheng, J.C.P., Jiang, F., Gan, V.J.L., Wang, M., Zhai, C.,* (2020) Real-time detection of wildfire risk caused by powerline vegetation faults using advanced machine learning techniques. Advanced Engineering Informatics. 44, 101070.
[63] Ma, J., Ding, Y., Cheng, J.C.P., Jiang, F., Tan, Y., Gan, V.J.L., Wan, Z.,* (2020) Identification of high impact factors of air quality on a national scale using big data and machine learning techniques. J. Clean. Prod. 244, 118955.
[64] Ma, J., Ding, Y., Cheng, J.C.P., Tan, Y., Gan, V.J.L., Zhang, J.,* (2019) Analyzing the leading causes of traffic fatalities using XGBoost and grid-based analysis: a city management perspective. IEEE Access. 7, 148059-148072.
[65] Deng, M., Gan, V.J.L., Singh, J., Joneja, A., Cheng, J.C.P.,* (2019) Automatic generation of fabrication drawings for façade mullions and transoms through BIM models. Advanced Engineering Informatics. 42, 100964.
[66] Gan, V.J.L., Tse, K.T., Cheng, J.C.P., Lo, I.M.C., Chan, C.M.,* (2019) Parametric modelling and evolutionary optimization for cost-optimal and low-carbon design of high-rise reinforced concrete buildings. Advanced Engineering Informatics. 42, 100962. (HKIE Structural Excellent Award Paper)
[67] Gan, V.J.L., Wong, H., Tse, K.T., Cheng, J.C.P., Lo, I.M.C., Chan, C.M.,* (2019) Simulation-based evolutionary optimization for energy-efficient layout plan design of high-rise residential buildings. J. Clean. Prod. 231, 1375 - 1388.
[68] Gan, V.J.L., Cheng, J.C.P.,* Lo, I.M.C., (2019) A comprehensive approach to mitigation of embodied carbon in reinforced concrete buildings. J. Clean. Prod. 229, 582 - 597.
[69] Ma, J., Ding, Y., Gan, V.J.L., Lin, C., Wan, Z.,* (2019) Spatiotemporal prediction of PM2.5 concentrations at different time granularities using IDW-BLSTM. IEEE Access. 7, 107897-107907.
[70] Asiri, W., Zhang, X., Gan, V.J.L.,* Tan, Y., (2019) A holistic framework to utilize natural ventilation to optimize energy performance of high-rise residential buildings. Building and Environment. 153, 218 - 232.
[71] Tan, Y., Fang, Y., Zhou, T., Gan, V.J.L., Cheng, J.C.P.,* (2019) BIM-supported 4D acoustic simulation approach to mitigating noise impact on maintenance workers on offshore oil and gas platform. Automation in Construction. 100, 1 - 10.
[72] Deng, Y., Gan, V.J.L., Das, M., Cheng, J.C.P.,* Anumba, C., (2019) Integrating 4D BIM and GIS for construction supply chain management. ASCE Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 145, 04019016.
[73] Yang, J., Chen, H.,* Hu, S., Gan, V.J.L., (2019) Experimental studies on the flexural behaviour of steel-concrete composite beams with transverse and longitudinal hidden girders. Engineering Structures. 179, 583 - 594.
[74] Gan, V.J.L., Deng, M., Tse, K.T., Chan, C.M., Lo, I.M.C.,* Cheng, J.C.P.,* (2018) Holistic BIM framework for sustainable low carbon design of high-rise buildings. J. Clean. Prod. 195, 1091 - 1104.
[75] Chen, W., Chen, K., Cheng, J.C.P.,* Wang, Q., Gan, V.J.L., (2018) BIM-based framework for automatic scheduling of facility maintenance work orders. Automation in Construction. 91, 15 - 30.
[76] Cheng, J.C.P., Tan, Y.,* Song, Y., Mei, Z., Gan, V.J.L., Wang, X., (2018) Developing an evacuation evaluation model for offshore oil and gas platforms using BIM and agent-based model. Automation in Construction. 89, 214 - 224.
[77] Gan, V.J.L., Chan, C.M., Tse, K.T., Lo, I.M.C.,* Cheng, J.C.P.,* (2017) A comparative analysis of embodied carbon in high-rise buildings regarding different design parameters. J. Clean. Prod. 161, 663 - 675.
[78] Gan, V.J.L., Cheng, J.C.P.,* Lo, I.M.C., Chan, C.M., (2017) Developing a CO2-e accounting method for quantification and analysis of embodied carbon in high-rise buildings. J. Clean. Prod. 141, 825 - 836.
[79] Gan, V.J.L., Cheng, J.C.P.,* Lo, I.M.C., (2016) Integrating life cycle assessment and multi-objective optimization for economical and environmentally sustainable supply of aggregate. J. Clean. Prod. 113, 76 - 85.
[80] Gan, V.J.L., Cheng, J.C.P.,* (2015) Formulation and analysis of dynamic supply chain of backfill in construction waste management using agent-based modelling. Advanced Engineering Informatics. 29, 878 - 888.
[81] Jing, R., Cheng, J.C.P.,* Gan, V.J.L., Woon, K.S., Lo, I.M.C., (2014) Comparison of greenhouse gas emission accounting methods for steel production in China. J. Clean. Prod. 83, 165 - 172.
[82] Li, J., Bi, J., Gan, V.J.L.,* Chew, M.Y.L., (2026) Structural semantic segmentation and fine-grained surface feature extraction in heritage buildings. International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction. Singapore.
[83] Gan, V.J.L., Li, M., Li, J., Yin, C., Wang, B., (2026) NUS3D: A BIM-synthetic, mobile-scan and TLS point cloud dataset for robotic 3D scene understanding in built environment. International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction. Singapore.
[84] Li, K.X., Gan, V.J.L.,* Li, M.K., (2025) Automating 3D as-built BIM with deep learning and knowledge-driven graphs. International Conference on Computing in Civil Engineering. New Orleans, US.
[85] Gan, V.J.L.,* (2025) Robot-assisted 3D scene reconstruction using fixed FOV LiDAR-based depth camera. International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction. Montreal, Canada.
[86] Gan, V.J.L.,* (2024) 3D scene reconstruction using robotics and LiDAR sensor. International Conference on Computing in Civil Engineering. Pittsburgh, US.
[87] Gan, V.J.L.,* Hu, D., Zhai, R., Wang Y., (2024) Automated as-built 3D reconstruction using quadruped robot and 3D LiDAR sensor. International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction. Lille, France.
[88] Wang, T., Gan, V.J.L.,* (2023) AI-based digital twinning for automated joint 3D scene reconstruction and semantic enrichment. International Conference on Computing in Civil Engineering. Oregon, US.
[89] Shao, Z., Goh, Y.M.,* Tian, J., Lim, Y.G., Gan, V.J.L., (2023) Computer vision-based monitoring of construction site housekeeping: An evaluation of CNN and transformer-based models. International Conference on Computing in Civil Engineering. Oregon, US.
[90] Gan, V.J.L.,* Wang, T., Hu, D., Yin, C., (2021) Developing an integrated data model based on IFC and SensorML for Post-COVID facility management. IEEE International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications. Haikou, China.
[91] Liu, H., Cheng, J.C.P., Gan, V.J.L.,* (2021) Developing a knowledge-based system for semantic enrichment and automatic BIM-based quantity take-off. International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction. Dubai, UAE.
[92] Gan, V.J.L., Lo, I.M.C., et al., (2019) BIM-based integrated design approach for low carbon green building optimization and sustainable construction. International Conference on Computing in Civil Engineering. Atlanta, US.
[93] Gan, V.J.L., Deng, M., et al., (2019) BIM-based framework to analyse the effect of natural ventilation on thermal comfort and energy performance in buildings. Energy Procedia. 158, 3319 - 3324.
[94] Chen, W., Chen, K., Gan, V.J.L.,* Cheng, J.C.P., (2019) A methodology for indoor human comfort analysis based on BIM and ontology. International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction. Alberta, Canada.